Based on the field trip experience, I observed the people were faced with a lot of climate uncertainties ” extreme weather events” leading to the occurrence of drought and flood interchangeable over years. The decline of natural resources within rift could be as a result of climate and environmental change which have been intensify by human activities. Other identify problems were as follows;

1. The Maasai pastoralist lived with their cattle’s within the rift which gave room for water contamination and other related sanitation issues resulting to water related illness among the populace which could affect their productivities (output).
2. The increasing population (human and animals) over the years could cause conflict between the farmers and pastoralist due to shrinking land for farming (rain fed agriculture) and grazing over the years.
3. There evidence of sheet and rill erosion process which could affect the fertility and condition of arable land for rain fed agriculture.
4. Depreciation of the ecological services within the Maasai conservation area of the rift was observe and needs urgent attention.
5. Drought and flood have affected the livelihood, health and well begin of the Massai people of the rift.
6. The people are living in hamlet and in dispersed form of settlement which could be difficult for the Narok government to provide preventive measures against diseases like malaria and water relate problems to the people.
7. There is need to understand the past climate before the development of the rift, present micro climate and predict what the future micro climate will be within the rift system. These will give more light on the implications

Tectonic, climate and biology of the Okavango Delta (Botswana).

The Okavango Delta is the world second largest internal delta after the Niger central delta. Situated within north Botswana, the natural resources of the Okavango Delta sustain a flourishing tourist industry and a major part of the local population. The Delta is one of the main intracontinental wetland zone in the world. In that respect it is strongly dependent on annual flood cycles in a huge drainage area encompassing three countries (Angola, Namibia and Botswana), itself impacted by climate change.

The Okavango project aims at building a new model of the long-term morpho-sedimentary evolution of the Delta. It should allow a better understanding of the hydrogeological systems both in terms of geometry, chemical pattern and sensibility to climate change.

This project is supported by a CNRS International Emerging Action, a PhD grand from University Rennes 1 and somme support from the INSU Tellus program. It continues from an initial mapping of the tectonic structure of the Okavango Rift and a GPS-based analysis of the active deformation financed by Tellus-Rift and coordinated by O. Dauteuil (Géosciences Rennes).

Study of volcanic activity and its impact on populations in the East African Rift, in particular, numerical and analogue modelling of magma propagation in rift zones. Recent project: E-DOOR (UNESCO-IGCP) (2023-2025).

Jacques Varet is the current President of SARL Geo2D (a consulting company specialized in geological resources for sustainable development) .The company works for several French companies such as ( ALCEN group, ELECTERRE de France, AFD, CLEMESSY, ENERTIME, IMERYS, BOORTMALT (Axereal group), MERIDIAM) , and various other clients in both Europe and other parts of the world eg (Tuscany Region, European Union, UNEP (Kenya), UNDP (Djibouti) ,kenya and Ethiopia).Futhermore he is an associate professor at the Nyeri Technological University (Kenya), he was incharge and co-directed the regional geopower Africa small geothermal exploration programme with USAID funding (Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzania)between the years 2014-2017. He is the president of the Steering Committee on the Energy-Climate Program and member of the Steering Committee for Research, Innovation and Technology (CORIT) in center region of France, Committee for Prevention and Precaution ( CPP), as well as the member of the Expert Committee of the DEEPEGS European Geothermal Research Program and last but not least memberof the Technical Adisory Team (TAT) of the Geothermal Center of Excellence in Africa.

The research activities in Geophysics at ICTP-EAIFR are divided into 2 research axes: 1) the geodynamic context of the East African Rift and its western branch, and 2) the volcanic context in the eastern region of Rwanda bordering the Democratic Republic of Congo, where Mont Nyiragongo, a stratovolcano in the Virunga volcanic chain, is very active.